Analysis of Chronic Hypertension History as a Major Predictor of Recurrent Preeclampsia

Abstract

Globally, the maternal mortality rate is estimated at 189 per 100,000 live births, and approximately 75% of these deaths are caused by pregnancy complications such as heavy bleeding, infections, and hypertensive disorders, including preeclampsia and eclampsia. This condition occurs not only during pregnancy but can also occur after delivery, known as postpartum preeclampsia, with incidence rates varying between 0.3% and 27.5%. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors that contribute to the incidence of preeclampsia. The analysis results showed that maternal age above 35 years had a significant association with the incidence of postpartum preeclampsia. In addition, a history of preeclampsia and chronic hypertension also showed a highly significant association (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, parity was not shown to have a significant association (p = 0.5). Factors such as advanced maternal age, a history of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, and obesity before pregnancy are important risk factors for postpartum preeclampsia. Therefore, early detection and intensive monitoring of high-risk mothers are highly recommended to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.