Tooth Agenesis in A Seven Year Old Child at RSGM Soelastri Surakarta Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47701/ss6d7x70Keywords:
Agenesis, Peg Shape, Deciduous Teeth, Hypodontia, RSGM SoelastriAbstract
Agenesis is a dental anomaly that occurs relatively frequently in humans. Agenesis results in the failure of teeth to develop after birth, with tooth development occurring only during childhood. The prevalence of permanent dental agenesis in non-syndromic individuals is higher among Europeans, with 4.6% in males and 5.5% in females, in Australia 5.5% in males and 7.6% in females, and lower among Caucasian Americans, with 3.2% in males and 4.6% in females. A 7-year-old male patient came to RSGM Soelastri with his mother, complaining of small and sharp teeth. In the intraoral examination, abnormalities were found in the deciduous teeth, showing hypodontia where the tooth bud of 42 did not develop. Beside of hypodontia, this case also exhibited a peg shape in tooth 82. The patient's parents should be given communication, information and education regarding the issues that occur. The diagnosis of agenesis requires clinical and supportive examinations. It can be concluded that the main factor causing agenesis and peg shape is genetic.
Downloads
References
1. Loscertales-mart B, Torres-lagares D. Dental Anomalies : Prevalence , Patterns of Association and Relationship With Dental Age. Int Dent J. 2025;5.
2. Rauniyar A, Clarke J, Law C, Prabhu N. Review of hypodontia and its impact on oral health related quality of life in children. Pediatr Dent J. 2025;35(April).
3. Meade MJ, Dreyer CW. Tooth agenesis : An overview of diagnosis , aetiology and management. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2023;59(June):209–18.
4. Geng C, Lin B, Liu Y, Sun K, Yu M, Liu H, et al. Two novel AXIN2 variants in isolated tooth agenesis and the AXIN2 -associated tooth agenesis pattern. BMC Oral Health. 2025;
5. Katanaki N, Makrygiannakis MA. The Prevalence of Congenitally Missing Permanent Teeth in a Sample of Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Caucasian Patients. Healthcare. 2024;1–11.
6. Dixit S, Rokaya D, Nizam M, Subra M. Prevalence and Patterns of Non-syndromic Hypodontia in Permanent Dentition among the Nepalese Population : A Radiographic Study and Literature Review Abstract : Open Dent J. 2025;1–13.
7. Ren J, Gan S, Zheng S, Li M, An Y. Genotype-phenotype pattern analysis of pathogenic PAX9 variants in Chinese Han families with non-syndromic oligodontia. Front Genet. 2023;(March):1–11.
8. Guo X, Xu T, Duan X. Genetic-environmental Risk Factors for Tooth Agenesis : A Familial Case-control Study in China. Int Dent J. 2025;5:1–12.
9. Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang C, Wu Y, Ma S, Li X. Compound heterozygous WNT10A missense variations exacerbated the tooth agenesis caused by hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. BMC Oral Health. 2024;1–12.
10. Akkam, Yasir Yahya, et al. View of Dental Development and Associated Anomalies_ An Updated Review.pdf. Rev Contemp Philos. 2023;22.
11. Fallea A, Vinci M, Episcopo SL, Bartolone M, Musumeci A, Ragalmuto A, et al. Dissecting the Genetic Contribution of Tooth Agenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;1–24.
12. Alshahrani I, Togoo RA, Alqarni MA. A Review of Hypodontia : Classification , Prevalence , Etiology , Associated Anomalies , Clinical Implications and Treatment Options. Rev Artic. 2013;4(June):117–25.
13. Xie B, Han Y, Wen X. Global Trends and Hotspots in Research on Tooth Agenesis : A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(10).
14. Modafferi C, Tucci I, Bogliardi FM, Gimondo E, Chiurazzi P, Tabolacci E, et al. Genetic Aspects of Tooth Agenesis. Genes (Basel). 2025;
15. Selvaraj M, Sennimalai K, Samrit VD, Duggal R. CASE REPORT A Rare Incidence of Nonsyndromic Mandibular Incisor Agenesis in a Three-generation Family : Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep. 2023;
16. Bogdanowicz A, Zadurska M, Biedziak B, Firlej E, Justyna D. Novel Candidate Genes for Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis Identified Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. J Clin Med. 2022;
17. Yu M, Fan Z, Wong SW, Sun K, Zhang L, Liu H, et al. Lrp6 Dynamic Expression in Tooth Development and Mutations in Oligodontia. Res Reports Biol. 2020;
18. Tokavanich N, Wein MN, English JD, Ono N, Ono W. The Role of Wnt Signaling in Postnatal Tooth Root Development. Front Dent Med. 2021;2(November).
19. Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Meng L, Zheng S. Genotype – phenotype analysis and functional study of three novel LRP6 variants in non-syndromic oligodontia. Front Genet. 2025;(June):1–11.
20. Mallineni SK, Alassaf A, Almulhim B, Alghamdi S. Dental Anomalies in Primary Dentition among Arabian. Children. 2024;1–13.
21. Surendran A, Daigavane P, Kamble R, Bharti L, Shinde M. Addressing Missing Permanent Premolars With Retained Deciduous Teeth : Orthodontic Solutions and Outcomes. DMIHER Sch Epidemiol Public Heal. 2024;16(7).
22. Datana S. Prevalence of Radiographically Detectable Non ‑ syndromic Dental Anomalies amongst Orthodontic Patients - A Retrospective Study. Indian J Dent Res. 2025;69–74.
23. Mehta V. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research Cone beamed computed tomography in pediatric dentistry : Concepts revisited. J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res. 2020;10(April):210–1.
24. Dent M, Res S, Abdulgani A, Grafting B, Watted N, Yehia M, et al. Management of Congenitally missing teeth (hypodontia). Dent Oral Heal. 2025;
25. Kumar M, Kumar S, Yadav E, Agarwal M, Sougandhika G. Interdisciplinary approach for the management of hypodontia in orthodontics -A case report. J Contemp Orthod. 2025;9(3):393–7.
26. Dinu S, Igna A, Petrescu EL, Braila EB, Dinu DC, Horhat RM, et al. Timing of Orthodontic Intervention for Pediatric Class II Malocclusion : A Systematic Review on Early vs . Late Treatment Outcomes. Children. 2025;1–18.
27. Togoo RA, Alfaifi HQ, Algarny FM, Alahmari JD, Ayed R, Alqhtani A, et al. Effect of anterior dental caries on psychological behavior and quality of life of Saudi pediatric patients. Saudi J Oral Sci. 2022;41–7.
28. Emin KM, Fatma UY, Yunus E. EVALUATION OF THE PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT OF DENTAL AESTHETICS BY SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS AND MALOCCLUSIONS. Rom J Oral Rehabil. 2025;17(2).
29. Tarakji, Zin,et,al. Concordance between humans and GPT-4 in appraising the methodological quality of case reports and case series using the Murad tool. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2024;24.
30. Tarakji Z, Kanaan A, Saadi S, Firwana M, Allababidi AK, Abusalih MF, et al. Concordance between humans and GPT- 4 in appraising the methodological quality of case reports and case series. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2024;6.
31. Baghlaf K. Necessity and relevance of qualitative research in pediatric dentistry . A literature review. Saudi Dent J. 2023;31–8.
32. Dindaroğlu FÇ, Güngör NÖ. Comparison of the vitality test with sensitivity tests in mature and immature teeth : clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2024;3:1–7.
33. Patro S, Meto A, Mohanty A, Chopra V, Miglani S, Das A, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of Pulp Vitality Tests and Pulp Sensibility Tests for Assessing Pulpal Health in Permanent Teeth : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;
34. Nagendrababu V, Kaur S, Yuli S, Kannan V, Naresh G, Shetty Y, et al. Critical analysis of the reporting quality of case reports focusing on dental traumatology using the Preferred Reporting Items for Case reports in Endodontics 2020 checklist : A baseline evaluation prior to checklist publication. Dent Traumatol. 2023;(April):483–94.
35. Donnermeyer D. Effectiveness of diagnosing pulpitis : A systematic review. Int Endod J. 2022;(May):1–30.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Devina Pramesti Intan Faradilla, Septriyani Kaswindiarti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
